NAD+ — 500mg

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a universal redox cofactor present in every living cell, cycling between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms to drive electron transfer in over 500 enzymatic reactions. It is central to oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Beyond energy metabolism, NAD+ is the obligate substrate for the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases (SIRT1–7) and for the PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) family of DNA damage repair enzymes. Intracellular NAD+ levels decline measurably with age across tissues — a phenomenon implicated in age-related metabolic dysfunction, impaired DNA repair capacity, and progressive mitochondrial decline.

Direct NAD+ supplementation has become an area of substantial research interest following preclinical demonstrations that restoring cellular NAD+ can reverse markers of aging in mouse models. Research applications include studies of sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension, PARP-driven DNA repair activation, mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, and metabolic syndromes involving defective energy metabolism. Intravenous and subcutaneous NAD+ research protocols have examined its effects on fatigue, cognitive performance, addiction recovery models, and age-related metabolic markers, though translation to large-scale clinical evidence remains an active area of investigation.

The 500mg format serves research protocols requiring moderate per-administration doses for subcutaneous or intramuscular study designs. NAD+ is a small molecule rather than a peptide, and analytical testing focuses on identity confirmation and endotoxin content rather than peptide purity assays.